There are three types of microphones you’ll encounter. The dynamic mic such as the the venerable Shure 57 and Shure 58. The condenser mic such as the AKG 451, or the famous Nuemann 87. And the lesser known ribbon mic, such as the Royer 121.
Here is a very interesting video of how a ribbon microphone is made.
Yes I know, yet another Ribbon mic video. I’m sorta fascinated by them at the moment. Please indulge me.